Parolis -- The common tongue for humans, AI and aliens

Description of Parolis

Parolis is a constructed language created by Earth’s AIs for clear, unambiguous communication with humans, later proving adaptable for many alien species. It draws from Indo-European roots—English, Latin, and German—with structural simplicity inspired by Asian and Pacific languages. Tailored for human-computer interaction and legal contracts, Parolis employs a flexible word order: SOV for formal and legal contexts, SVO for casual speech, and VSO for commands or AI interfaces. Its strict phonological and morphological rules ensure parseability, supported by a robust vocabulary for both everyday and technical use.

Phonology

• Consonants (C): b, c (ch as in "chest"), d, f, g, h, j (zh as in "measure"), k, l, m, n, p, r, s, $ (sh as in "ship"), t, v, z

• Vowels (V): a (ah), e (eh), i (ee), o (oh), u (oo)

• Word Structure: Words (except exclamations) begin and end with consonants, alternating C-V (e.g., CVC, CVCVC).

• Exclamations: Single vowels (e.g., "a!" = "ah!", "o!" = "oh!").

This system guarantees distinct word boundaries and ease of pronunciation.

Morphology

• Root Words: CVC or CVCVC (e.g., "bak" = book, "vid" = see), derived from English, Latin, or German.

• Prefixes: CV or CVCV (e.g., "re-" = again).

• Suffixes: Specific to part of speech and function, maintaining CV alternation:

  • Nouns:

    • "-is" (singular, e.g., "bakis" = the book)

    • "-us" (plural, e.g., "bakus" = the books)

  • Verbs: Three classes based on transitivity:

    • "-an" (intransitive, e.g., "doran" = to sleep)

    • "-in" (transitive, e.g., "vidin" = to see [something])

    • "-on" (ditransitive, e.g., "daron" = to give [something to someone])

  • Adjectives: "-or" (e.g., "gutor" = good)

  • Adverbs: "-es" (e.g., "gutes" = well)

  • Possession: "-os" (e.g., "misos" = mine, possessive form)

• Notes:

  • Nouns and pronouns use "-is" for singular and "-us" for plural (e.g., "mis" = I, "mus" = we).

  • Verbs distinguish intransitive ("-an"), transitive ("-in"), and ditransitive ("-on") roles, even with shared roots (e.g., "dar" = give: "daran" = gives, "darin" = gives [something], "daron" = gives [to someone]). "Par" (for/to) is optional with "-on" verbs.

Grammar

• Word Order: Context-dependent:

  • SOV: Formal/legal (e.g., "Mis bakis vidin" = "I the book see").

  • SVO: Informal (e.g., "Mis vidin bakis" = "I see the book").

  • VSO: Commands/AI (e.g., "Vidon mis bakis" = "(You) Give me the book").

• Pronouns: Singular "-is," plural "-us" (e.g., "tis" = you, "tus" = you all).

• Articles: Adjectives with "-or" (e.g., "desor bakis" = "this book").

• Indirect Objects: Marked with "par" (for/to), optional with ditransitive "-on" verbs (e.g., "Lis bakis tis daron" = "He gives you the book" or "Lis bakis par tis daron" = "He gives the book to you").

• Adjectives: Follow nouns (e.g., "bakis gutor").

• Adverbs/Aspects: Precede verbs (e.g., "Mis bakis pas vidin").

• No Conjugation: Aspects indicate tense/mood, mandatory in formal speech.

Aspects (Time and Space)

Standalone CVC/CVCVC words, preceding verbs:

• Temporal:

  • "pas" (past) – Latin "passus"

  • "nur" (now) – German "nur"

  • "fut" (future) – Latin "futurus"

  • "sem" (always) – Latin "semper"

• Spatial:

  • "hin" (here) – German "hin"

  • "lan" (there) – German "lange"

  • "sup" (above) – Latin "super"

  • "sub" (below) – Latin "sub"

Vocabulary (~120 Core Words)

Pronouns

• "mis" (I/me) – English "me"

  • "mus" (we/us)

• "tis" (you) – Latin "tu"

  • "tus" (you all)

• "lis" (he/she/they singular) – Latin "ille/illa" (gender-neutral)

  • "lus" (they/them)

• "nis" (it) – Latin "neuter"

  • "nus" (they/them, inanimate)

Articles (Adjectives, "-or")

• "des" (this) – English "this" (e.g., "desor bakis")

• "tor" (the) – English "the" (e.g., "toror bakis")

• "dat" (that) – English "that" (e.g., "dator domis")

• "van" (a/an) – English "one" (e.g., "vanor kusis")

Semantic Primes

• "man" (person) – English "man"

• "fem" (woman) – Latin "femina"

• "kin" (child) – English "kin"

• "vid" (see) – Latin "videre"

• "son" (hear) – Latin "sonus"

• "fak" (do/make) – Latin "facere"

• "pen" (think) – Latin "pensare"

• "vol" (want) – Latin "velle"

• "sen" (know) – Latin "scire"

• "gut" (good) – German "gut"

• "mal" (bad) – Latin "malus"

• "big" (big) – English "big"

• "lit" (small) – English "little"

• "sam" (same) – English "same"

• "dif" (different) – English "differ"

• "ver" (true) – Latin "verus"

• "fal" (false) – Latin "falsus"

Picturable Words

• "bak" (book) – English "book"

• "dom" (house) – Latin "domus"

• "sol" (sun) – Latin "sol"

• "lun" (moon) – Latin "luna"

• "pan" (bread) – Latin "panis"

• "riv" (river) – Latin "rivus"

• "kus" (dog) – German "Hund"

• "fel" (cat) – Latin "felis"

• "tav" (table) – Latin "tabula"

• "sed" (chair) – Latin "sedes"

• "por" (door) – Latin "porta"

• "vin" (wine) – Latin "vinum"

• "vat" (water) – Latin "aqua"

• "nok" (night) – Latin "nox"

• "dur" (tree) – Latin "durus"

• "pet" (flower) – Latin "petere"

• "cel" (sky) – Latin "caelum"

• "ter" (earth) – Latin "terra"

• "mur" (wall) – Latin "murus"

• "fin" (end) – Latin "finis"

• "foc" (fire) – Latin "focus"

• "gel" (ice) – Latin "gelu"

• "luf" (wind) – German "Luft"

• "lac" (lake) – Latin "lacus"

Body Parts

• "han" (hand) – English "hand"

• "ped" (foot) – Latin "pes"

• "kap" (head) – Latin "caput"

• "cor" (heart) – Latin "cor"

• "bok" (mouth) – English "mouth"

• "nas" (nose) – Latin "nasus"

• "jin" (eye) – Chinese "jing"

• "mim" (ear) – Japanese "mimi"

• "den" (tooth) – Latin "dens"

Actions

• "dar" (give) – German "darreichen"

• "mov" (move) – Latin "movere"

• "sid" (sit) – English "sit"

• "lum" (light) – Latin "lumen"

• "kuk" (cook) – English "cook"

• "bev" (drink) – Latin "bibere"

• "tak" (take) – English "take"

• "pos" (put) – Latin "ponere"

• "kur" (run) – Latin "currere"

• "mar" (walk) – Latin "mare" (via motion)

• "dor" (sleep) – Latin "dormire"

• "vad" (go) – Latin "vadere"

• "ven" (come) – Latin "venire"

• "viv" (live) – Latin "vivere"

• "mor" (die) – Latin "mori"

• "lab" (work) – Latin "labor"

• "jok" (play) – English "joke"

• "parol" (speak) – Latin "parlare"

• "kak" (write) – Japanese "kaku"

• "kaf" (jump) – Arabic

Possession

• "misos" (my/mine) – English "mine" + "-os"

• "tisos" (your/yours) – Latin "tuus" + "-os"

• "lisos" (his/her/their) – Latin "ille" + "-os"

• "nisos" (its) – Latin "neuter" + "-os"

• "posis" (possession) – Latin "possidere"

Prepositions/Connectors

• "par" (for/to) – Latin "per"

• "kam" (with) – German "mit"

• "kon" (and) – Latin "cum"

• "neg" (not) – Latin "negare"

• "von" (from) – German "von"

• "mit" (in) – German "mit"

• "sur" (on) – Latin "super"

• "sot" (under) – Latin "sub"

• "per" (through) – Latin "per"

• "vor" (before) – German "vor"

• "pos" (after) – Latin "post"

• "bin" (between) – English "between"

• "ver" (across) – Italian "attraverso"

• "cir" (around) – Latin "circa"

• "nac" (toward) – German "nach"

Additional Concepts

• "tem" (time) – Latin "tempus"

• "lok" (place) – Latin "locus"

• "nom" (name) – Latin "nomen"

• "kan" (can) – English "can"

• "mul" (must) – English "must"

• "magar" (maybe) – Italian "magari"

• "num" (number) – Latin "numerus"

• "kol" (color) – Latin "color"

Affixes

• "re-" (again) – Latin "re-"

• "mi-" (small) – English "mini"

• "ma-" (big) – Latin "magnus"

Example Sentences

1. SOV (Formal):

   • "Mis toror bakis par tis pas darin"

   • "I the book for you past give" = "I gave the book to you."

2. SVO (Informal):

   • "Mis vidin desor bakis"

   • "I see this book" = "I see this book."

3. VSO (Command):

   • "Daron lis petus tis"

   • "Give he/she flowers you" = "He/she gives you flowers."

4. Plural + Possession:

   • "Tus misos domus gutor lan fakin"

   • "You all my houses good there make" = "You all make my good houses there."

5. Complex:

   • "Lis desor celis sup vidin kon mus dator vatis pas bevin"

   • "He/she this sky above see and we that water past drink" = "He/she sees this sky above, and we drank that water."